Packing arrangement for engine or pump pistons



Sept. 2-2, 1925. 1,554,536

E. H. TARTRAlS PACKING ARRANGEMENT FOR ENGINE OR PUMP PISTONS Filed April 1. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 F1 1 F1 5 11 1 a 1, .9

fl!!! 6?; ZZrfmL s INVENTOR his Attorney Sept. 22, 1925.

E. H. TARTRAIS PACKING ARRANGEMENT FOR ENGINE 0R PUMP PISTONS 2 Shee ts-Sheet 2 Filqd April 1. 1924 I Attorney his Patents Sept. 22, W25.

EUGENE HENRI TARTRAIS, 0F MAISQZNS-LAFFITTE, FRANCE.

PACKING- ARRANGEIMEEN'I' FOR ENGINE 0R PUMP PISTONS. 2

Application filed. April 1 1924; Serial No. 703,484.

devices, i. e. the device is fluidtight and is unaffected by the ovalization of the cylinders, while it has the additional property of withstanding the effects of high temperatures and high speeds.

My said packing arrangement, as applicable to engine or pump pistons, consists of dish-shaped =elementshaving the shape of stamped leather discswhich are made elastic by means of radial slots provided around the periphery of each element, and

in order to prevent all leakage through the said slots the several elements are fitted into each other with the slots in a staggered or bailie disposition.

In the appended drawings which are given by way of example and illustrate my. invention:

Fig. 1 shows a complete packing device- Fig. is a section on the line B-B (Fig.

Fig. 5 is a section of the apparatus used in order to expand the said elements to the proper size after they have become worn down.

Fig. 6 is a sectional View of a modification of the packing device.

Fig. 7 shows another modification of the said packing device.

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of a piston section being taken on the lineA-A (Fig.

having a removable piston head disposed in such manner as to receive the packing device according to the invention.

Figs. 9 to 16 are modifications of the assembling arrangement of the several elements composing the said packing device.

llnthe construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4-, the packing device comprises five dishshaped metallic elements or discs 1, 2, 3, 4-, 5 which are accurately fitted within each other; the number-5 is of course arbitrary, and a greater or less number of elements may be used; the latter are provided with the respective slots f f f f f (Figs; 2, 3 and 4:) in staggered or baffle disposition whereby all leakage in the device is obviated.

The said elements are mounted in a suitable supporting ring 6, and the thin part 6* of the latter isupressed around a ring 7 of hard metal, so that the aggregate composed of the elements and rings will form a compact device: the latter is mounted in a groove 8 formed in the piston 8 between the main body of the'piston and a screwthreaded ring 9 screwed upon the piston (the said ring can be otherwise secured to the piston) the ring can be screwed or unscrewed by means of the recesses 9 In this manner, the packing device as a whole is movoble .in the groove 8 of thepiston.

The operation is as follows. The packing device is so disposed that the edges of the disc elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will fit with a certain pressure within the cylinder'10, and on the other hand the several tongues formed by the parts of the discs situated. between the slots will be'somewhat elastic and will thus fit in a very accurate manner againstthe internal wall of the cylinder. Should the pressure rise' in the cylinder chamber 10, the fluid under pressure will actupon the inner wall 20, of the upper disc and will press it with greater force against the cylinder. At the same time this pressure exercised upon the top of the packing device will app-1y it in a fiuidtight manner upon the lower face 8 of the groove 8. The face 8 and the corresponding face 6 of the piece 6 are carefully ground flat, so that all leakage is vobviated. On the other hand, no leakage will occur through the slots nor between the discs, since the discs arewell adjusted within 'each other and the slots have the staggered disposition.

The play which is allowed for. the said packing device in the piston groove 8 provides for the expansion of the piston, and the piston wall itself is thus caused to bear upon the cylinder and not through the medium of the packing device. In order to obviate all friction between the tongues of the said discs, which should slide upon each other to a slight degree after the manner of spring plates, when the discs are obliged to assume the shape corresponding exactly to a given surface of the cylinder, it is advisable to interpose between the discs a lubricating substance having graphite as a base.

The packing according to the invention is particularly designed to be used in combination with a removable cylinder head 11, Fig. 1, and the packing can thus be readily removed for repairs or renewal without being obliged to take 03 the cylinder. a. Only the cylinder head 11. has to be removed and the ring 9, and the packing device can be readily taken off.

If the packing device has lost its elasticity by reason of wear, it will suffice to spread it out by hand or by means of a special apparatus shown in Fig- 5 comprising a member 12 in whichthe said packing device is disposed. The nut 13 is employed to screw down the tapered washer 14 whereby the tongues of the said packing device are spread out until the tongues of the upper disc 1 come into contact with the cylindrical portion 12 of the member 12 whereby the spreading of thedevice is limited to the proper degree. The said device is then replaced within the cylinder. Obviously the packing device according to the invention can be used in a cylinder which is not provided with a removable head.

In the packing device shown in Fig. 3, the discs 1 to 5 are made of a metal which has a sufficient elasticity for the purpose. But in the present state of matallurgy, it is difficult to obtain this quality concurrently with'a great resistance to wear and a small coefficient of friction. As concerns friction, it is advisable to use for example the alloy of aluminium and silicon which is known as Alpax metal, whose qualities as concerns friction are comparable to the known anti friction alloys.

' But theelasticity of discs made of a metal withstanding wear and having a small friction coefficient may be insufficient for the purpose, and in this event it is advisable to make the upper disc, Fig. 6, of a different metal so that the said disc will serve solely as a spring; steel is preferably employed for this purpose whose temper is unaffected by h'eat. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are the discs made of a metal having a small coefficient of friction, and below the said discs is disposed the clastic metal disc 15 which is slotted like the other discs at! f 15; since the -latter disc. has no fluidtight effect, it is given a smaller diameter than the other discs so that it will i the disc 15 to be separately removed so that it can be adjusted to the proper tension without pressing upon the whole device. When put in place, the adjusted spring disc 15 will suitably expand the entire device. Obviously,.fthe arrangement comprising the screwed ring can be used for the devices shown in Figs. 1 to 4 in which the spring disc is not employed, the discs 1 to 5 being exactly similar; in this case the ring 7 is dispensed with. V

Fig. 7 shows another modification of the packing device in which the discs 1' to 4 are similar, exceptas concerns-the slots which in this, as well as in the other cases, may be provided in different number; for example the disc 4: may have a less number of slots, for instance one-half, in order to prevent the disc from catching in the orifices of the cylinder when the latter is apertured as in,

the case of a two-stroke engine. On the other hand, in Figs. 1 to 4 a certain play has been left'between the upper part 6 of the said packing device and the ring 9. This arrangement is chiefly used for high compression two-stroke engines of the Diesel type or like engines in which the pressure exercised on the packing device and urging it upon its seat 8" is in all cases superior to the force of inertia acting upon the device and tending to lift the same from its seat. In case the compression of the engine should not be sufficient, the play could bereduced to a minimum value, e. g. two or three hundredths of a millimetre, according to the current practice for adjusting the packing members of the known types, whereby the exact lateral movement 'is allowed while preventing any motion in the axial direction; In the example herein represented, the relatively great play 8 is allowed solely for the purpose of obviating accurate machine work.

In the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, the said packing device is maintained in position by a ring 9 which is secured to the iston head 8. But the said device may also he maintained by the head or top of the piston itself, in the cases in which the said head is removably secured to the piston for other reasons.

Fig. 8 illustrates this disposition, comprising the piston 17, its head 18 which is screwed thereto, and the groove 19 analogous to the groove 8, (Fig. 3) in which is engaged the said packing device, not shown. As in the high tO-lllPl'tSSlOll two-stroke engines, the gas pressure upon the part 18 will always esasae urge the latter upon the piston, a very strong screwing is not required, and this operation can be performed by means of a claw wrench engaging the recesses 20 or the like. The double bottom 21 may be held in place for instance bya spring element 22 composed of a plurality of thin spring Washers, which have exactly the necessary force to maintain the double bottom 21 without requiring a strong screwing action by means of the wrench. This said spring element, also constitutes a locking device for the nut and thus prevents the head from unscrewing by reason of jarring effects. and the surface of the joint 23 are carefully ground and should be lubricated with graphits in order that the head may be easily removed. To further this latter operation, 1 preferably make use of non-rusting metals, such as nichrome metal for the head 18 and aluminium for the piston 17.

Figs. 9 to 15 relate to various means for assembling the said discs forming the packing device.

Fig. 9 shows an arrangement in which the said elements are of an exclusively conical. shape, thus facilitating the adjustment, since all that is required for an exact fitting is that the angle of the cones shall be exactly the same. ring 6 by means of a screw ring 24.

In Fig. 10, the said elements are assembled by means of the rivets 25, and in lFig. 11 they are soldered upon their inner face 26 the ring fi-having no upwardly extending portion 6 such as that shown in Fig. 3.

In the device shown in Fig. 12, the said elements are riveted obliquely by means of the rivets 27. In Fig. 13 the elements are constituted by split members of a cylindroconical shape; said members may be simply fitted by pressure or may he soldered at their lower edge, or they maybe held as shown in Fig. I l between rings 29,and 30 by rivets Q8.

Fig. 15 represents an arrangement for assembling the said elements, whereby the latter are secured in an eflicient manner. Fig. 16 shows a modification in which the arrangements shown in Figs: 6 and 9 are combined.

@bviously, the invention is not limited to the hereinbefore described forms of con struction which are given solely by way of example, and it is evident that in all cases the said forms can be more or less combined with each other.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A packing arrangement for pistons comprising a. plurality of dish shaped annular discs of a material having a small frie tion coefficient and fitted into each other, a similarly shaped elastic annular disc fitted The screw-thread The elements are mounted on the into the innermost of said first mentioned discs and adapted to press the latter discs upon one another and to expand the same and means for holding said discs together. 2. A packing arrangement for pistons comprising a plurality of dish shaped annular discs of a material having a small friction coefficient and fitted into each other, a simi larly shaped elastic annular disc fitted into the innermost of said first mentioned discs and adapted to press the latter discs upon one another and to expand the same, a ring extending through the central hole of said discs'and adapted to clamp inner' edges of the same.

A. packing arrangement for pistons comprising a plurality of dish shaped annular discs of a material having a small friction' eoeilicient provided with radial slots, said slots being in staggered position with respect to those of the adjacent discs, and fitted into each other, a similarly shaped elastic annular disc fitted into the innermost of said first mentioned discs and adapted to press the latter discs upon one another and to expand the same and means for holding said discs together.

4:. A packing arrangement for pistons comtogether.

5. in combination with a piston for motors, pumps and the like, a circular groove provided near the operative end of the piston, a plurality of dishshaped annular elastic discsfitted into each other and means for-clamping the inner edges of said discs and adapted to be mounted within said groove.

6. in combination with a piston for motors, pumps and the like, a circular groove provided near the operative end of the piston, a plurality of dish shaped annular elastic discs fitted into each other and a ring extending through the central hole of said. discs and clamping the inner edges of the same, said ring being contained within said groove. v

7. In combination with a piston for motors, pumps and the like, a circular groove formed near the operative end of the piston, a ring screwed to the piston head and forming the'upper wall of said groove, a plurality of dish shaped annular elastic discs fitted into each other and means for clamping the inner edges of the same, said inner edges being freely contained within said groove.

ill

lltltl llil 8. In combination with a piston for ,ing the inner edges of the same, said inner motors, pumps and the like and comprising edges being freely contained within said a piston body and a removable head, a cirgroove. 10 culer groove formed between the. end of the In testimony whereof I have signed my 5 piston body and the removable head, a pluname to this specification.

rality of dish shaped annular elastic discs i T fitted into each other and means for clamp- EUGENE HENRI TARTRAIS. 

